Important Classroom Phrases

I don’t understand.

I don’t know.

Pardon? / Excuse me? / I’m sorry, I didn’t hear what you said.

Can / Could you repeat that, please?   
Would you mind repeating that, please?

Could you say that again, please?  / I'm sorry, I didn't catch what you said.

Do you mind if I open the window? 

                            Yes, certainly.       /   Please don’t. It’s very cold.

May I please go to the restroom/toilet?

How do you spell “maintenance”?

                            m-a-i-n-t-e-n-a-n-c-e

How do you say “manutenzione dello scafo” in English?

                            We say “hull maintenance.”

What does “hull maintenance” mean?              

         It’s the care or upkeep of the hollow, lowermost part of a boat or ship.”

Could you please explain what "hull maintenance means"? 

It's not easy to explain what I mean. 

What am I supposed to do? 

What would you like me to do?
Could you repeat the instructions, please?

TOOLS and MATERIALS

Adjustable wrench = chiave inglese
Anti-fouling paint = vernice antivegetativa ** Necessary for ALL types of hulls.
Belt sanding = levigatrice
Blade = lama
Blade of a propeller = pala dell’elica
Bolt = bullone
Brush = spazzola
Bucket = secchio
Clamp = morsetto
Compressor = compressore
Disk sander = smerigliatrice
Distilled water = acqua distillata
Electric plane = piallatrice elettrica
Epoxy resin = resina epossidica
Fiberglass = fibre di vetro
Filler = stucco
Gel coating = finitura o strato di gel
Gelcoat = strato di gel
Glue = colla
Hammer = martello
Hand scraper = raschetto
Heat gun = fono per rimuovere vernici
Hose = tubo di gomma
Hydrochloric / muriatic acid (used to clean algae) = acido muriatico
Laminate = laminato
Mildly abrasive synthetic scratch pads = spugnette leggermente abrasive
Nail = chiodo
Nut = dado
Paint brush = pennello 
Pincers = tenaglie
Pliers = pinza
Pressure washer = idropulitore
Primer = primer (prima mano di vernice)
Resin = resina
Roller = rullo
Rotary power cleaner = spazzola rotante per la rimozione di alghe, denti di cane, ecc.
Sandpaper = carta vetrata
Saw = sega
Scraper = raschietto
Screw = vite
Screwdriver = cacciavite
Scrub pads = spugne abrasive
Soft cloth = straccio soffice
Soldering torch = saldatrice a stagno
Sponge = spugna
Spray paint = vernice a spruzzo
Spray paint gun = pistola per verniciare
Stainless steel = acciaio inossidabile
Steel pads = spugna d’acciaio
Toothed spatula = spatola dentata
Treadmaster = tappetino anti-scivolo
Varnish (glossy resin coating) = vernice, lacca, smalto, trasparente, coppale
Vise = morsa
Water jet sandblaster = sabbiatrice a getto d’acqua
Wax = cera
Welding torch = saldatrice
Wire brushes = spazzola d’acciaio
Wrench = chiave

HELPFUL VERBS

Apply = applicare
Blister = produrre bolle
Bolt = imbullonare
Caulk = calafatare (sigillare)
Clean = pulire
Coat = coprire
Dispose of = smaltire
Dust = spolverare
Fill = riempire
Galvanize = galvanizzare
Grease = ingrassare, lubrificare
Leak = fare acqua
Mold = fare muffa
Paint = verniciare 
Peel off = scrostare
Polish = lucidare
Pressure wash = idropulire
Pretreat = pretrattare
Recycle = riciclare
Remove = rimuovere
Replace = sostituire
Replank = sostituire le tavole
Reuse = riutilizzare
Rot = marcire
Rust = arrugginire
Sand = carteggiare, smerigliare
Sandblast = sabbiare
Scrape = raschiare, grattare
Screw = avvitare
Scrub = stofinare, sfregare
Seal = chiudere ermeticamente
Sharpen = affilare
Strip = sverniciare, smontare, togliere
Treat = trattare

Varnish = verniciare, laccare, smaltare, coppalare

Wash = lavare
Weld = saldare

The HULL

The hull is the part of your boat that makes it float, so it must be in good condition. The material the hull is made of influences the type of maintenance it needs.

The most common materials used are:
•    Wood
•    Fiberglass (GRP - Glass-Reinforced Plastic = glass fiber + epoxy resins)
•    Metal (steel, aluminum)

Wood – marine plywood (compensato marino), teak
Advantages (vantaggi): Natural, traditional;  easy to repair
Disadvantages (svantaggi): Each type of wood needs specific care. Problems with rotting (marcire) , molding (muffa), damage from the sun and atmospheric conditions; water leakage (fare acqua) where screws (viti) are and between planks (tavole); screws can rust (arrugginire) and need to be replaced (sostituire).

Things you must do often for wood boat maintenance:

• sand (sabbiare)
• replace rusted metal objects
• fill (riempire) holes
• revarnish (riverniciare)
• repaint (ripitturare)
• apply anti-fouling paint on the underwater body (applicare anitivegetitivo nel pescaggio)

Fiberglass
Advantages: Cheap, durable, easy to maintain. Largely free of corrosion.
Disadvantages: Physical pressure, exposure to sunlight and rusty screws can cause cracking (spaccature), bumps (bozzi), bubbles (bolle) and scratches (graffi); osmosis; not fireproof (non ignifugo). 

Notes: A final gel coating is usually used to protect the underlying structures and laminate. This gives it a shiny finish that needs to be cleaned (pulire) and polished (lucidare). 
If the gel coat is damaged, water can get in between the coat and the laminate, which will cause the coat to peel off (scrostare). Gel coat can also be used for small repairs.

Metal – aluminum and steel
Advantages: Durable, require less work than wooden hulls
Disadvantages: Rust; in constant need of paint; bilges (stive) need careful maintenance

Aluminum 
Advantages: Lightweight (leggero) and strong; easy maintenance. If it is not painted, it  to an elegant gray.
Disadvantages: Maintenance is expensive because it requires special tools (atrezzature) and techniques. It is difficult to weld.  Corrosion is a problem, particularly below the waterline.

Steel
Advantages: More durable and rusts less than iron (ferro).
Disadvantages: Rust is a problem, unless protected by paint.

Notes: Modern steel components are welded (saldare) or bolted (imbullonare). The hull is sandblasted (sabbiare) to have a clean surface.  A zinc layer (strato di zinco) is often applied to coat (coprire) the entire hull before painting (vernicatura).   Lead (piombo) paint is usually used. A hammer (martello) is used to remove large patches of rust (incrostazioni di ruggine).  
Maintenance work for steel and wooden hulls is very similar. Like wood, most have a finishing layer of paint. 

Types and Parts of Boats

Boats come in many styles and shapes, but the names of the different parts are the same. These are the most important terms. 


Recreational Boat / Motor Boat 

Front view:

                                                                                                          

• Beam - Maximum width of a vessel
• Freeboard: Distance from water to lowest point of the boat where water could come on board
• Draft: Depth of water needed to float a vessel
• Propeller: Rotates and powers a boat forward or backward
• Keel: Main centerline (backbone) of a vessel or the extension of hull that increases stability in the water  

*******************  Other terms you should know. *****************  

Propulsion

Tug Boat       

















Sail boat                

Passenger Liner / Cruise Ship

Mercantile ship / Container ship 

  

                                               Fishing boat  /   

Rubber Dinghy                                                                                               Ferry Boat

       

                                                                                                          

Hydrofoil

 Main Types of Boats

Barge = chiatta

Canoe = canoa

Catamaran = catamarano

Cruise ship = nave da crociera

Ferry = traghetto

Fishing boat = barca da pesca

Hydrofoil = aliscafo

Lifeboat = scialuppa di salvataggio

Mercantile ship = nave mercantile
Patrol boat = motovedetta

Recreational / pleasure boat = barca di diporto

Row boat = barca a remi

Rubber dinghy = gommone
Sailboat = barca a vela

Trawler (fishing boat with net) = peschereccio (per la pesca a strascico)
Tugboat = rimorchiatore

Parts of a Boat/Ship

All-round white light = luce di coronamento (a poppa)

Beam = larghezza/lunghezza fuori tutto

Bearing = mozzo meccanico

Bilge = sentina

Bitt / Bollard = bitta (grandi barche: dove si attacca la cima)

Bow = prua (davanti / forward)

Bulkhead = paratia

Cleat = galloccia (piccole barche: dove si attacca la cima)

Deck = ponte

Draft / underwater body = pescaggio /opera viva

Freeboard / top side = bordo libero / parte superiore /opera morta

Gunwale = capo di banda (bordino superiore della murata)

Hold = stiva

Hull = scafo

Keel = chiglia

Mooring = ormeggio (posto)

Moorings = ormeggi (cime)

Outboard motor = motore fuori bordo

Port = sinistra (parte sinistra della nave)

Propeller = elica propulsore

Propeller shaft = asse dell’elica o albero ruotante

Red and green lights = luci di via

Rudder = timone

Rudder blade = pala del timone

Rudder shaft = asse del timone

Seacock = presa a mare
Shaft seal = sigillo fra la pala e l’asse del timone

Starboard = dritta (parte destra della nave)

Steering quadrant = quadrante dello sterzo

Stern = poppa (dietro / aft)

Strut = braccio

Transom = specchio di poppa

Waterline = linea di galleggiamento

Wheel / helm  = ruota del timone

                                   

The Harbor

Message to students

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